Case Study

Expanding an Indigenous Environmental Monitoring Network: Community-driven Stewardship of Land and Water

[E]mpowering indigenous communities across Alaska and beyond, fostering collaboration and resilience through a robust, tech-enabled monitoring software platform that weaves together Indigenous and Western science. ISN History

The Indigenous Sentinels Network (ISN) is a Tribally governed environmental monitoring system that integrates Indigenous knowledge, community priorities, and climate data to support local decision-making. They equip Tribal and rural communities to monitor their own local environment by combining “Indigenous methodologies and Traditional Knowledge with scientific data to care for native lands, waters, and homes.” ISN Mission

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NOAA Research logo
Location St. Paul Island, AK
Year
2025
Cost $2.3 million

In the early 2000s, the Aleut Community of St. Paul Island (ACSPI) Tribal Government, located in the middle of the Bering Sea off the western coast of Alaska, recognized that significant changes were underway. Loss of winter sea ice, damaging storms, coastal erosion, and declining wildlife populations were all impacting their community. To foster coordination and continuous monitoring of wildlife, water, weather, land conditions, and other environmental and social factors, they created the Indigenous Sentinels Network (ISN).

Through new software and methods unique to their region, and through partnerships that are now supporting more than twenty projects with Tribal and rural communities across Alaska, ISN is supporting local decision making that is responsive to community concerns. They collaborate with Indigenous stewardship and governance programs elsewhere, including Canada’s Indigenous Guardians program.

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Map indicating location of St. Paul Island
  • Matthew Druckenmiller

  • Fig. 1: Map of the Arctic showing the location of St. Paul Island, the largest of the Pribilof Islands. The city of St. Paul, Alaska, is located on the southern peninsula of the island. 
    Fig. 2: The Aleutian Islands (Unangam Tanangin) with island (blue) and village (black) names in Unangam Tunuu, the Indigenous language of the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands region.

    The ISN team provides software development (including an online database and smartphone apps), training, and support services to help communities hire new employees or train existing Tribal government employees to take on the role of Community Sentinel and/or Guardian.  A Community Sentinel or Guardian is a person trained to monitor environmental changes and collect data that combines Traditional Knowledge with Western scientific methods. Sentinels and Guardians collect data and add cultural and scientific insights to help communities address environmental challenges. Sentinels and Guardians also act as liaisons between their communities and external organizations, ensuring local priorities are reflected in environmental management decisions.

    The ISN team provides software development (including an online database and smartphone apps), training, and support services to help communities hire new employees or train existing Tribal government employees to take on the role of Community Sentinel and/or Guardian. A Community Sentinel or Guardian is a person trained to monitor environmental changes and collect data that combine Traditional Knowledge with western scientific methods. Within the ISN, ‘Sentinel’ refers to the system-wide role of community-based observers, while many partner programs use terms such as ‘Guardians’ or ‘Rangers’ to reflect locally defined stewardship roles rooted in Indigenous governance and culture. Adopting culturally relevant terms is important for supporting local and Tribal management of their cultural, community, and natural resources. Sentinels and Guardians collect data and add cultural and scientific insights to help communities address environmental and economic challenges. Sentinels and Guardians also act as liaisons between their communities and external organizations, ensuring local priorities are reflected in environmental management decisions. 

    The ISN team is working on more than 20 projects with Indigenous communities across Alaska. To meet growing demand for trained Community Sentinels/Guardians, the ISN is developing a two-tiered training program in collaboration with Ilisagvik College and the Bering Sea Campus, an education department within the Aleut Community of St. Paul Island. The training is intentionally paired with active monitoring programs and employer pathways within Tribal governments and partner organizations, ensuring participants can apply skills in real-world climate resilience roles.

    Training will be offered in multiple formats, including online, in-person, and hybrid options, at no cost to Tribal citizens and students in Alaska.

    • 1-credit course. This introduction will focus on essential skills, such as how to use ISN software, gather field data, and implement community-driven monitoring programs. Participants will learn how to integrate Traditional Knowledge and scientific data to address community-specific resource management priorities, while also emphasizing collaboration, community engagement, and culturally relevant data collection practices. This free-standing course can be taken as training for existing employees or as part of a broader educational track (e.g., an associate's or bachelor’s degree). Upon completion, students will be qualified for hire as Community Sentinels/Guardians by Tribal governments that are part of or are collaborating with the ISN Network. Many participants will be Tribal government employees, but the course is also aimed at attracting job seekers from the broader community, expanding opportunities for sustainable employment and leadership.
    • 3-credit course. Building on the foundational knowledge from the 1-credit offering, this course will deepen participants' understanding of data management, data quality, and data sovereignty within the context of environmental monitoring. This course will focus on navigating and managing complex data systems and ensuring that Tribal communities can maintain control over the data they generate, in alignment with Indigenous Data Sovereignty principles. Additionally, the course will provide an introduction to science communication, enabling participants to translate complex scientific data into actionable insights for their communities and external stakeholders, such as collaborating researchers and managers in the region. This course will build on existing courses offered through Ilisagvik College, providing participants with support in essential skills such as grant writing and administrative training. Participants will be positioned to take on leadership and administrative roles within monitoring programs being implemented by Tribal governments or regional organizations.

    The Arctic region is experiencing rapid environmental changes, such as rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and shifting ecosystems that threaten both the physical infrastructure and traditional ways of life in many rural and Indigenous communities across Alaska. The loss of protective sea ice, for example, exposes communities to more severe weather events (e.g., intense blizzards) and increasing coastal erosion. Increased shipping and resource extraction, made possible by the melting ice, bring new economic opportunities but also amplify risks to ecosystems, wildlife migration patterns, and subsistence practices. These disruptions jeopardize economic stability and the unique way of life for many Tribes and rural communities. Communities need information on current and future change to safeguard their homes, ecosystems, infrastructure, and livelihoods. 

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    Map and graph indicating the 2024 summer minimum Arctic sea ice extent
    Description

    This map shows the average sea ice concentration in September 2024. The ice pack was smaller than the median ice extent from 1991–2020 (white line) and much smaller than the median ice extent from 1981–2010. The graph shows the observed ice extent each September from 1979–2024 (solid line) and the trend line (dashed line). 
    Image based on the 2024 Arctic Report Card - Sea Ice

    Limited data collection in Alaska’s vast territory means community, state, and federal managers lack critical information for addressing rapidly changing environmental conditions. Many rural and Indigenous communities collect environmental observations but often lack access to training, infrastructure, and sustained support to translate those observations into decision-ready climate resilience actions. The ISN is working to fill that gap through data collection managed by Indigenous partners who are in the best position to assess whether observations are sufficient, thorough, and collected at relevant times. Overall, ISN provides training, tool development, and research on environmental and social systems across Alaska. This work will facilitate smarter planning and timely action within communities and with external collaborators.

    Through the ISN, ACSPI is asserting the principles of Indigenous data sovereignty, affirming that Indigenous Peoples have the right to govern the collection, use, and access of data related to their communities, lands, and natural resources. By upholding these principles, Indigenous communities ensure that data collection supports their cultural preservation, economic resilience, and self-determination.

    The data generated through the ISN are governed by the CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance, which prioritize both community benefit and ethical data sharing in line with the Global Indigenous Data Alliance (GIDA) guidelines. Data are collected and shared with the consent and guidance of each Indigenous community, ensuring that they are used in ways that are responsible and aligned with the community’s values.

    Ultimately, the ISN serves a dual purpose: it enhances community capacity to understand and respond to environmental changes while fostering collaboration with researchers, state managers, and federal agencies in data collection and decision-making. 

    The ISN, in collaboration with Iļisaġvik College (IC) and the Bering Sea Campus, developed its curriculum and online training materials. Training launched in December 2025.

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    Funding & Building Capacity
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    The ISN received a $2.3 million Climate-Ready Workforce grant from NOAA to support the development and implementation of the Community Sentinel/Guardian training programs.