Planning for the Win! Using a Role Play Simulation to Plan for Climate Adaptation
- The power of empathy: Increasing empathy enhances understanding, collaboration, and compassion which fosters community learning and contributes to future resilience efforts.
- Cultivate essential skills and knowledge: Climate adaptation planning can be contentious. Equipping communities with necessary skills and knowledge, such as climate science literacy and critical thinking ability, strengthens community capacity for productive participation which amplifies climate resilience building.
- Practice makes perfect: Providing opportunities for communities to practice collaborative decision making enhances their capacity for planning around controversial topics. This facilitates the nimble navigation of contentious topics in the future, which is essential for ongoing resilience efforts.
- Bring everyone to the table: Inclusive engagement is essential for effective climate resilience building. To engage underserved communities, partner with trusted ambassadors and schedule project activities at accessible times and locations.
- Sharing is caring: Integrate project efforts into official planning documents and disseminate them to decision-makers. This raises awareness, ensures longevity, and catalyzes change.
The Georgetown Climate Adaptation Project (GCAP) engaged communities in climate adaptation discussions through role-playing simulations focused on community flood risk management. This effort integrated procedural, distributional, structural and cultural equity into its efforts.
Held in diverse communities across Georgetown County, GCAP incorporated varied perspectives into adaptation planning considerations. Simulations fostered social learning, mutual understanding, and empathy and increased the capacity for collaborative climate adaptation decision-making across Georgetown County. Post-simulation, findings were presented to the Georgetown County Council, informing leaders of previously unheard community perspectives on flood risks and empowering the development of future adaptation plans shaped around these community concerns.
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Defining the community
Georgetown, South Carolina, is home to Winyah Bay, the third largest watershed on the east coast. Water has defined this community, particularly the modification of the landscape for rice cultivation. Enslaved Africans built canals to strategically flood land, which remains prone to flooding to this day. In the post-Civil War era, industries—including timber, paper, and steel—grew to prominence. Today, water remains vital to the current county economy. Although manufacturing remains important, the current economic landsape of Georgetown is highly dependent on ecosystem services provided by natural resources. Coastal tourism is a major economic driver, alongside recreational and commercial fishing and the timber industry.
In recent years, Georgetown County has experienced multiple, consecutive extreme events, including thousand-year rainfalls and hurricanes, and increasing frequency of high-tide flooding. In each case, this coastal county has endured threats to life; impacts to ecosystems, infrastructure, and housing damages; and lost business revenue and school days.
Productive planning for challenging discussions
With limited resources and diverse perspectives, community planning for climate adaptation can feel risky and contentious. Decision makers must balance competing demands for resources and protect long-term needs while facing short-term impacts. The Georgetown Climate Adaptation Project (GCAP), a NOAA Science Transfer grant project, was designed to help communities initiate productive planning processes on these issues by building community capacity to engage stakeholders in challenging discussions. This project transferred methods used in the New England Climate Adaptation Project.
The primary tool was a role play simulation case study for coastal southeast communities. Role play simulation exercises are a means for decision makers to consider high-stakes situations with difficult choices. Simulating realistic, but hypothetical, scenarios in a low-risk setting allows participants to explore options and consider multiple perspectives. This approach was modeled after a project in New England that employed stakeholder engagement, consensus building, and climate projections in community planning.
Stepping into someone else's shoes
The Georgetown role play simulation case study models a fictional, but realistic, climate planning process via a stakeholder planning meeting for climate adaptation. The simulation was developed based on stakeholder interviews that assessed the social, economic, and demographic perspectives representative of a community decision-making body in a fictional county in the southeastern United States, where participants are asked to work collaboratively to prioritize actions that could help the community manage flooding risks. To implement the simulation, workshops were held in diverse communities throughout Georgetown County.
Participants were given a stakeholder role to portray—one that was specifically chosen to be different from their real-life identity. While participants could have easily played themselves, playing roles different from their own identities increased social learning, understanding, and empathy, which was a valuable outcome for the whole community.
With the task to prioritize adaptation options, participants were required to seek out a consensus from the group despite the differing interests represented. Community participants considered data when making decisions about adaptation actions; they received a data table with downscaled climate projections. Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments, a NOAA RISA team, produced predictions of temperature, precipitation, storm frequency, etc., at scales relevant to local decision makers.
Over 200 participants from diverse communities within the county engaged in the simulation pilot, workshops, and a train-the-trainer session.
Feeling better prepared to plan
Role play simulations are an effective way to build community capacity for planning around controversial topics. In debrief discussions, participants reported feeling better prepared to have productive discussions on climate adaptation planning and described increased empathy for differing viewpoints in collaborative decision making.
Participant testimonials
“I learned to stop pointing fingers and see myself as part of the solution.”
“[Role Play Simulations] with elected officials are a safe place to discuss ‘unsafe’ topics.”
“I learned I can advocate for things I don't agree with."
"I could change my mind based on the role and hearing from others.”
"Climate change must be taken seriously."
"It is important to consider a wide variety of stakeholders and to think about both imminent projects and long term projects for the future."
The Georgetown Climate Adaptation Project established a high level of concern for climate impacts and support for stakeholder engagement in planning processes, while simultaneously building the knowledge and skill base among community members to productively participate. A lesson learned from this project is the importance of best practices for engaging underserved communities, such as partnering with trusted ambassadors and finding accessible times and locations.
Next steps will require the incorporation of adaptation actions in formal planning. Role play simulations can lay the groundwork for future action, but are only a first step in building community resilience. Findings from workshop discussions and participant surveys were presented to Georgetown County Council, helping leaders better understand community perspectives on flooding risks.
Adapt and replicate
The role play simulation case study is available for anyone to use in their community or organization; it was designed to represent climate issues and stakeholder dynamics throughout the Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor. Complete project materials, including the role play simulation case study, instructions for workshop facilitation, and survey results, are available from the project website.
The GCAP project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the NERRS Science Collaborative. This grant program supports collaborative research that addresses coastal management problems important to National Estuarine Research Reserves.
Relevant Options
This selection of resilience actions from our Options Database is specifically tailored to address the hazards and assets identified in this case study. To explore other resilience actions that may be applicable to your community, visit the complete Options Database.
Maeve Snyder, Coastal Training Program Coordinator, North Inlet–Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Adapted with permission from the "Georgetown Climate Adaptation Project Executive Briefing Document" by P. Martin and M. Snyder, originally published June 25, 2019. See link at right, under Additional Resources. Also adapted, with permission, from the role play simulation case study "Planning for Climate Change in Riverway County" by Carri Hulet, Consensus Building Institute.
© Jen Plunket. Used with permission