Option

Expand multi-modal transportation mobility options and networks

Option

Expand multi-modal transportation mobility options and networks

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Implement mobility plan and create networks to use transportation system and reduce number of cars on roads Air Pollution Transportation and Mobility Southeast West Palm Beach, FL - Rethink Paradise: Sustainability Action Plan
Establish temporary and permanent car-free streets. Air Pollution Transportation and Mobility Northwest Boise's Climate Action Roadmap (p. 33)
Advocate for investing in cleaner and more accessible public transportation. Air Pollution Transportation and Mobility Northeast (p. 77)
Ensure alternate transportation facilities (e.g., trails, separated bike paths, sidewalks) are available to enable impacted residents to access public services and health services without requiring a Multiple or All HazardsSevere Winter WeatherErosion – CoastalExtreme HeatFlooding – CoastalFlooding – General Transportation and Mobility Southeast Triangle Region, NC Regional Resilience Assessment (p. 210 (pdf p. 222))
Develop new policy that requires private property owners to maintain sidewalks or accessible route to property. Severe Winter Weather Transportation and Mobility Southeast Triangle Region, NC Regional Resilience Assessment (p. 209 (pdf p. 221))
Conduct a public education campaign to encourage the use of biking, walking, transit and carpooling in warm months. Vector-Borne Disease People Northern Great Plains Spearfish, SD Climate Resiliency Plan
Consider opportunities to add multi-modal transportation options (e.g., walking, biking, transit, rail) to areas isolated by threats. Consider how multi-modal transportation options can serve as an additional WindLandslidesSevere Winter WeatherFire (Wildfire)Erosion – CoastalFlooding – CoastalFlooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Transportation and Mobility Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 184)
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Option

Evaluate stormwater system capacity, standards, and improvement needs

Option

Evaluate stormwater system capacity, standards, and improvement needs

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Review the capacity of existing drainage structures to understand their ability to manage increased precipitation projections. Identify the likelihood and consequences of impacts to this infrastructure Flooding – CoastalFlooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Water Infrastructure – GeneralWater Infrastructure – Stormwater Northwest City of Seattle, WA: Preparing for a Changing Climate (p. 25–26)
Use local climate projection data to understand the risk of failing culverts in future years. Weigh the economic, societal and environmental costs against the benefits of installing new culverts. Flooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Transportation and Mobility National
Hire a stormwater program consultant to assess the jurisdiction's stormwater plan. Flooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 189)
Study water system to identify manmade obstructions in water flow. Intersections, such as railway crossings and roadways, can create choke points in drainage Flooding – General Aquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and WildlifeWater Infrastructure – Stormwater Southern Great Plains Resilient Houston (p. 102 (pdf p. 104))
Update the Intensity, Duration and Frequency (IDF) curves used by stormwater infrastructure designers to inform the sizing of new capital improvements based on latest precipitation data. Flooding – General Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Northwest City of Seattle, WA: Preparing for a Changing Climate (p. 26 (pdf p. 52))
Review Level of Service (LOS) standards for stormwater across the region by doing a comparison of design standards. For example, low LOS standards upstream can negatively affect a neighboring jurisdiction Flooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Southeast Triangle Region, NC Regional Resilience Assessment (p. 180 (pdf p. 192))
Undertake a comprehensive evaluation of stormwater improvements necessary to expand surface water storage, enhance water quality treatment and reduce stormwater discharges. Water PollutionDroughtFlooding – General Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Southeast Southeast Florida Compact Regional Climate Action Plan - Energy and Fuel
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Option

Create dedicated staff positions for resilience programs

Option

Create dedicated staff positions for resilience programs

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Designate an individual to regularly report to the Climate Resiliency Task Force on forest health, in order to assist with early identification of wildfire risk, changes to wildlife patterns, dangers Fire (Wildfire) Natural Areas and Wildlife Northern Great Plains Spearfish, SD Climate Resiliency Plan
Designate a full-time position for floodplain management. The position would manage Community Rating System activities, outreach and education, coordinating with surrounding jurisdictions and working Flooding – CoastalFlooding – General Multiple or All Assets Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 189)
Ensure the stormwater district is appropriatly staffed given rainfall projections and the current and expected capacity of the stormwater system. Flooding – Rainfall-induced Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 188)
Increase staff capacity to manage and track grants. Multiple or All HazardsFire (Wildfire) Critical FacilitiesMultiple or All AssetsPeople Southeast West Palm Beach, FL - Rethink Paradise: Sustainability Action Plan
Hire a Chief Resilience Officer to coordinate resilience efforts. Multiple or All Hazards Multiple or All Assets Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 189)
Seek additional staff capacity in future budget cycles to prevent and manage climate impacts. Multiple or All Hazards Multiple or All Assets Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 190)
Create a new, permanent staff position for outreach and education related to forest health. Shifting Species, Habitats, and EcosystemsFire (Wildfire) Agriculture and Food SupplyWater Infrastructure – WastewaterNatural Areas and Wildlife Southwest Flagstaff Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (p. 71)
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Option

Establish and pursue funding mechanisms for resilience projects

Option

Establish and pursue funding mechanisms for resilience projects

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Develop a local funding mechanism (e.g., gas tax or tax increment financing) to provide dollars towards non-capacity transportation projects. Air PollutionWindLandslidesSevere Winter WeatherExtreme HeatFlooding – CoastalFlooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Transportation and Mobility Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 188)
Determine the cost sharing structure for capital investment, water rates, ownership, and operation and maintenance, etc. Drought People Northeast Tompkins County, NY Resiliency and Recovery Plan (p. 579)
Identify potential funding sources for harbor construction Erosion – Coastal Critical Facilities Climate Change in Port Heiden, AK (p. 45)
Levy impact fees or use other funding sources to fund capital improvements related to wildfire protection (e.g., fire trucks, hydrants). Fire (Wildfire) Multiple or All Assets Northwest Missoula, MT Regional Adaptation Strategy (p. 43 (pdf p. 59))
Form a stormwater utility that can create fee-based services to help pay for flood risk reduction projects. Flooding – General Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Southeast State of Louisiana Regional Adaptation Strategy (p. 104)
Work with a regional organization like a Council of Government to help the surrounding jurisdictions work together to form a regional stormwater utility that uses fee-based services that help pay for Flooding – General Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Southeast State of Louisiana Regional Adaptation Strategy (p. 104)
Aggressively participate in FEMA funding programs to protect private Property. Flooding – Rainfall-induced Property Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 189)
Identify and implement strategies to fund wetland restoration. Multiple or All HazardsShifting Species, Habitats, and EcosystemsWater PollutionFlooding – CoastalFlooding – General Water Infrastructure – WastewaterNatural Areas and Wildlife Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 188)
Create and pursue new and emerging revenue sources, both public and private. Multiple or All Hazards Multiple or All Assets Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 188)
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Option

Assess and inventory ecosystems, natural assets, and their protective services

Option

Assess and inventory ecosystems, natural assets, and their protective services

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Assess and prioritize natural public areas for additional water storage capacity. This action could also support natural habitat resilience. Drought Water Infrastructure – Drinking WaterAquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Southeast Triangle Region, NC Regional Resilience Assessment
Develop and regularly update a coastal erosion assessment to track conditions of coastline bluffs, beaches, access stairs, ramps, outfalls, seawalls or other related infrastructure. Erosion – Coastal Water Infrastructure – WastewaterNatural Areas and Wildlife Southwest Climate Resilient San Diego (p. 55 (pdf p. 61))
Assess the vulnerability of forested areas to fire and develop a strategy to address that vulnerability. Fire (Wildfire) Agriculture and Food SupplyAquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Northwest City of Seattle, WA: Preparing for a Changing Climate (p. 26 (pdf p. 54))
Identify open space that could function as water storage areas. Flooding – CoastalFlooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Aquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 185)
Analyze current, historical and projected conditions to identify and prioritize where to resist, accept or facilitate site or ecosystem change, considering cultural values. Shifting Species, Habitats, and Ecosystems Aquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Northwest Missoula, MT Regional Adaptation Strategy (p. 46 (pdf p. 62))
Assess options to support active conservation of species (e.g., nurseries, seed banks), habitat restoration and regeneration or relocation of near-endangered species. Shifting Species, Habitats, and Ecosystems Urban Landscape and Tree CanopyAquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Southern Great Plains City of San Antonio, TX: A Path for Climate Action & Adaptation (p. 46)
Designate ecologically important areas as “permanent natural features.” Shifting Species, Habitats, and Ecosystems Urban Landscape and Tree CanopyAquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Midwest Detroit Climate Action Plan (p. 50)
Create an ecosystem services inventory for your community to identify the natural features, like particular areas of forest or wetlands, that do the most Shifting Species, Habitats, and Ecosystems Aquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Midwest Detroit Climate Action Plan (p. 50)
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Option

Adopt low-impact development standards and regulations

Option

Adopt low-impact development standards and regulations

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Update the zoning ordinance to promote Low Impact Development and more resilient development in low lying areas. Flooding – General Property Southeast Charleston, South Carolina - All Hazards Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (p. 179)
Incentivize the use of low-impact development techniques to manage stormwater. Flooding – General Property National HUD Community Resilience Toolkit (p. 15)
Continue to incorporate Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) into development regulations Flooding – General Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Northwest City of Seattle, WA: Preparing for a Changing Climate (p. 23 (pdf p. 38))
Incentivize the use of low-impact development — site-level solutions that control stormwater and strive to replicate the pre-development hydrology of the site. Flooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced PropertyWater Infrastructure – Stormwater Southeast Planning for Climate Resilience—City of Asheville, North Carolina (p. 116)
Increase/require use of Low Impact Developments. Flooding – Rainfall-induced Property Southeast Planning for Climate Resilience—City of Asheville, North Carolina (p. 116)
Create specific climate-informed Low Impact Development regulations and require use in all new or re-development. Multiple or All Hazards Property Northwest Washington Coast Resilience Action Demonstration Project
Adopt low-impact development (LID) standards, add incentives and remove regulatory barriers (e.g., in the zoning ordinance) to encourage green infrastructure, especially in low lying areas. Green infrastructure Water PollutionFlooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Urban Landscape and Tree CanopyNatural Areas and WildlifePropertyWater Infrastructure – Stormwater Northwest Washington Coast Resilience Action Demonstration Project
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Option

Adopt freeboard and elevation requirements in floodplain regulations

Option

Adopt freeboard and elevation requirements in floodplain regulations

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Considering using the 500-year floodplain to redesign lift stations and other critical infrastructure to lengthen their useful life in flood-prone areas. Flooding – CoastalFlooding – General Water Infrastructure – GeneralCritical Facilities Southeast West Palm Beach, FL - Rethink Paradise: Sustainability Action Plan
Require that all critical public facilities be built at least three feet above the base flood elevation or above the 500-year floodplain. Flooding – CoastalFlooding – General Critical Facilities National HUD Community Resilience Toolkit (p. 16)
Update the flood ordinance to include freeboard. Communities in North Carolina can choose to set their freeboard at any level. Flooding – General Property Southeast
Encourage adoption of a higher level of protection along creeks than the current 100-year flood event to prepare for more severe storms in the future. Flooding – GeneralFlooding – Rainfall-induced Aquatic and Marine ResourcesMultiple or All Assets
Increase freeboard to above Base Flood Elevation for all new and substantially improved structures. Flooding – General Property Southeast Miami Forever Climate Ready Strategy
Add or increase local freeboard requirements in the flood ordinance so that all housing, household utilities and public facilities are built or rehabilitated to at least four feet above the base flood Flooding – General Property National HUD Community Resilience Toolkit (p. 16)
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Option

Adopt and enforce wildland-urban interface fire codes

Option

Adopt and enforce wildland-urban interface fire codes

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Reduce wildfire risk in natural landscapes by investigating opportunities available through zoning, home construction and fire safe building and landscape codes for the wildland-urban interface. Reference Fire (Wildfire) Agriculture and Food SupplyUrban Landscape and Tree CanopyAquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and WildlifeProperty
Increase Firewise programming and wildland-urban interface (WUI) code enforcement within neighborhoods. Firewise is a program of the National Fire Protection Association. It aims to help neighbors in Fire (Wildfire) Urban Landscape and Tree CanopyNatural Areas and WildlifePeopleProperty Southwest Flagstaff Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (p. 71)
Consider program requirements to integrate actions for addressing wildfire risk and limit construction in the wildlandurban interface. Fire (Wildfire) Property National HUD Community Resilience Toolkit (p. 19)
Implement program conditions that promote wildfire management of open space and wildland-urban interface (WUI) boundary zones to separate developed areas from high-hazard areas. The WUI is the zone of Fire (Wildfire) Urban Landscape and Tree CanopyNatural Areas and WildlifeProperty National HUD Community Resilience Toolkit (p. 19)
Involve fire protection agencies in setting development guidelines and standards. Fire (Wildfire) Agriculture and Food SupplyUrban Landscape and Tree CanopyWater Infrastructure – WastewaterMultiple or All AssetsNatural Areas and WildlifeProperty National HUD Community Resilience Toolkit (p. 20)
Work with neighboring elected officials to establish wildfire mitigation requirements for large-scale areas. Fire (Wildfire) Agriculture and Food SupplyWater Infrastructure – WastewaterNatural Areas and WildlifeProperty National HUD Community Resilience Toolkit (p. 20)
Reference the International Wildland-Urban Interface Code when developing wildifre prevention policies and procedures. Fire (Wildfire) Multiple or All Assets National HUD Community Resilience Toolkit (p. 20)
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Option

Update parks, trails, and open space plans for climate impacts

Option

Update parks, trails, and open space plans for climate impacts

Examples from plans

This option appears in resilience plans from around the country.

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Option from plan Hazards Assets Region Source Plan
Plan for the increased use of Parks facilities (e.g., pools, beaches, community centers) during heat events. Extreme Heat Property Northwest City of Seattle, WA: Preparing for a Changing Climate (p. 24 (pdf p. 46))
Build private public partnerships that add, improve and connect more trails to parks. Flooding – General Transportation and Mobility Midwest Columbus, OH Climate Action Plan
Coordinate with other City departments to reduce off-site factors that may exacerbate risks to parks and recreation assets, such as stormwater management facilities in parks properties operated and maintained Flooding – General Water Infrastructure – Stormwater Northwest City of Seattle, WA: Preparing for a Changing Climate (p. 24 (pdf p. 46))
Evaulate greenways located in flood prone areas Flooding – Rainfall-induced Transportation and Mobility Southeast Planning for Climate Resilience—City of Asheville, North Carolina (p. 114)
Collaborate with local and regional partners to provide robust trail and park maintenance to prevent and respond to damage from climate change impacts. Multiple or All Hazards Aquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Southwest Statewide Summary Report: California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment
Create or update a trails master plan to account for climate change impacts such as increased erosion due to precipitation or sea level rise. Multiple or All HazardsErosion – Coastal Aquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Southwest Climate Resilient San Diego (p. 54 (pdf p. 60))
Develop partnership projects between municipalities to integrate parks and/or educational and recreational facilties with incentives to private property owners. Multiple or All Hazards Natural Areas and Wildlife Southeast Triangle Region, NC Regional Resilience Assessment (p. 204 (pdf p. 216))
Develop and implement an open space plan. Shifting Species, Habitats, and Ecosystems Urban Landscape and Tree CanopyAquatic and Marine ResourcesNatural Areas and Wildlife Midwest Detroit Climate Action Plan (p. 50)
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