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A drought is a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time resulting in a water shortage. Drought conditions range from dry weather patterns and low water supply to impacts on crops, ecosystems, and disruptions in supply and demand for various commodities.

Air quality reflects the abundance of pollution present in air. Pollution is a mix of hazardous substances from both human-made and natural sources. Primary sources of human-made air pollution include vehicle emissions, fuel oils and natural gas to heat homes, by-products of manufacturing and power generation—particularly coal-fueled power plants—and fumes from chemical production.

A heat wave is a period of abnormally and uncomfortably hot and unusually humid weather, typically lasting two or more days with temperatures above the historical averages for a given area.

Coastal flooding occurs when water inundates or covers normally dry coastal land as a result of high or rising tides or storm surges.

Riverine flooding occurs when streams or rivers exceed the capacity of their natural or constructed channels to accommodate the flow of water. Flooding occurs when water overflows river banks, spilling out into adjacent low-lying, usually dry land.

Flash floods refer to high flowing water or inundation that begins within 6 hours of heavy rainfall. Flash floods generally occur along existing water channels or around existing water sources, including along coastlines.

Winter Weather consists of winter storm events in which the main types of precipitation are snow, sleet, or freezing rain.

Wildfires are unplanned fires burning in natural or wildland areas such as forests, shrub lands, grasslands, or prairies. Wildfires also occur within wildland-urban interfaces—areas where homes and other human structures intermingle with wildland vegetation.